Introducción al cálculo de redes de saneamiento con SWMM

Este es un manual básico para el cálculo de redes de saneamiento utilizando el software Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). La obra se compone de dos archivos: uno contiene el manual introductorio (pdf); el otro complementa el manual, y es un archivo comprimido con los recursos necesarios para desarrollar los modelos que se describen en su apartado 6 (p. 52). Para usar estos datos, se recomienda copiar la carpeta “Manual SWMM” del archivo comprimido al directorio raíz del disco duro (C:/Manual SWMM).Este é un manual básico para o cálculo de redes de saneamento utilizando o software Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). A obra componse de dous ficheiros: un contén o manual introdutorio (pdf); o outro complementa o manual, e é un ficheiro comprimido cos recursos necesarios para desenvolver os modelos que se describen no seu apartado 6 (p. 52). Para usar estes datos, recoméndase copiar a carpeta “Manual SWMM” do ficheiro comprimido ao directorio raíz do disco duro (C:/Manual SWMM).This is a basic manual for the calculation of sewage networks using the Storm Water Managemen Model (SWMM) software. This work consists of two files: one contains the introductory manual (pdf); the other complements the manual, and is a compressed file with the necessary resources to develop the models described in section 6 (p. 52). To use this data, it is recommended to copy the “Manual SWMM“ folder from the compressed file to the root directory of the hard drive (C:/Manual SWMM).Versión inglesa accesible en: Anta, Jose; Naves, Acacia; Naves, Juan. (2020). An introduction to sewer network design using SWMM. A Coruña. Universidade da Coruña, Servizo de Publicacións. ISBN 978-84-9749-790-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17979/spudc.978849749790

Coordinación entre docencia e investigación, para la mejora de la comprensión de procesos y la motivación de los estudiantes de ingeniería, y la colaboración entre docentes, para reducir el esfuerzo en innovación

[Resumen] En este trabajo se presenta una experiencia de coordinación entre los docentes de dos asignaturas de los Másters de Ingeniería de Caminos y de Ingeniería del Agua de la Universidade da Coruña para, a través del empleo de experiencias de investigación, fomentar la motivación y los resultados del aprendizaje en la enseñanza del drenaje urbano. Dentro de las actividades docentes se realiza una visita a una instalación experimental en el Centro de Innovación Tecnológica en Edificación e Ingeniería Civil que consiste en un simulador de lluvia con calles, tejados y una red de drenaje completa. Una vez realizada la visita, los estudiantes realizan un modelo numérico con software profesional de dicha instalación. La visita al laboratorio, con la observación de los procesos in situ, y la aplicación del software a un entorno conocido, consiguen mejorar la compresión de los contenidos de las materias y motivar al alumnado[Abstract] A coordinated activity between the lecturers of two subjects of Master of Civil Enginering and the International Master of Water Engineering of the University of A Coruña is here presented. The main goal is promoting the motivation and learning outcomes in the teaching of urban drainage by means of research activities. First, a technical visit is performed to a rainfall simulator with roads and roofs placed at the Center for Technological Innovation in Construction and Civil Engineering. After the visit, the students develop a professional simulation model of this facility using a technical software. The visit, including the observation of the processes in situ, and the development of the numerical modelling to a well-known and actual environment, allows to improve the comprehension of the contents of the subjects and the motivation of the students

An Introduction to Sewer Network Design Using SWMM

This is a basic manual for the calculation of sewage networks using the Storm Water Managemen Model (SWMM) software. This work consists of two files: one contains the introductory manual (pdf); the other complements the manual, and is a compressed file with the necessary resources to develop the models described in section 6 (p. 52). To use this data, it is recommended to copy the “SWMM Manual“ folder from the compressed file to the root directory of the hard drive (C:/SWMM Manual).Este é un manual básico para o cálculo de redes de saneamento utilizando o software Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). A obra componse de dous ficheiros: un contén o manual introdutorio (pdf); o outro complementa o manual, e é un ficheiro comprimido cos recursos necesarios para desenvolver os modelos que se describen no seu apartado 6 (p. 52). Para usar estes datos, recoméndase copiar a carpeta “SWMM Manual” do ficheiro comprimido ao directorio raíz do disco duro (C:/SWMM Manual).Este es un manual básico para el cálculo de redes de saneamiento utilizando el software Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). La obra se compone de dos archivos: uno contiene el manual introductorio (pdf); el otro complementa el manual, y es un archivo comprimido con los recursos necesarios para desarrollar los modelos que se describen en su apartado 6 (p. 52). Para usar estos datos, se recomienda copiar la carpeta “SWMM Manual” del archivo comprimido al directorio raíz del disco duro (C:/SWMM Manual).Spanish version available on / version en castelán accessible en: Anta, Jose; Naves, Acacia; Naves, Juan. (2019). Introducción al cálculo de redes de saneamiento con SWMM. A Coruña. Universidade da Coruña, Servizo de Publicacións. ISBN 978-84-9749-733-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17979/spudc.978849749733

Hydraulic, Wash-off and Sediment Transport Experiments in a Full-Scale Urban Drainage Physical Model

[Abstract] This paper presents a dataset obtained from hydraulic and sediment transport experiments performed in a full-scale urban drainage physical model of 36 m2. The study seeks to accurately measure sediment mobilization through the different parts of the model (surface, gully pots and pipe system), also obtaining a precise characterization of water flow and using realistic rainfall simulator to ensure the transferability of the results. Three different rain intensities and five sediment granulometries were tested in 6 hydraulic and 23 wash-off and sediment transport experiments. The following experimental data were produced: surface elevations and 2D runoff velocities measured by visualization techniques; surface and in-pipe water depths; flow discharges, total suspended solids concentrations and particle size distribution at the entrance of the gully pots and at the pipe system outlet; and sediment mass balances. This data is optimal for developing and validating wash-off and sediment transport formulations in urban drainage models, towards better treatment and management techniques for minimizing the impact of urban surface pollutants on the environments of towns and cities.The first author was in receipt of a Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities predoctoral grant [FPU14/01778]. The project also receives funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities under POREDRAIN project RTI2018-094217-B-C33 (MINECO/FEDER-EU)

Development and Calibration of a New Dripper-Based Rainfall Simulator for Large-Scale Sediment Wash-off Studies

[Abstract] Rainfall simulators are useful tools for controlling the main variables that govern natural rainfall. In this study, a new drop-forming rainfall simulator, which consists of pressure-compensating dripper grids above a horizontal mesh that breaks and distributes raindrops, was developed to be applied in wash-off experiments in a large-scale physical model of 36 m2. The mesh typology and size, and its distance to drippers, were established through a calibration where rain uniformity and distributions of raindrop sizes and velocities were compared with local natural rainfall. Finally, the rain properties of the final solution were measured for the three rain intensities that the rainfall simulator is able to generate (30, 50 and 80 mm/h), obtaining almost uniform rainfalls with uniformity coefficients of 81%, 89% and 91%, respectively. This, together with the very suitable raindrop size distribution obtained, and the raindrop velocities of around 87.5% of the terminal velocity for the mean raindrop diameter, makes the proposed solution optimal for wash-off studies, where rain properties are key in the detachment of particles. In addition, the flexibility seen in controlling rain characteristics increases the value of the proposed design in that it is adaptable to a wide range of studies.The first author was in receipt of a Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities predoctoral grant FPU14/01778. The project was partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities under POREDRAIN project RTI2018-094217-B-C33 (MINECO/FEDER-EU)

Global and local sensitivity analysis to improve the understanding of physically-based urban wash-off models from high-resolution laboratory experiments

Versión aceptada de https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136152[Abstract:] Physically-based urban wash-off models are a promising means of studying the transport of finer suspended solids and their associated pollutants during rain events, considering spatial and temporal heterogeneities. This study contributes to the understanding of these models through an in-depth sensitivity analysis to provide the necessary information to simplify the model and deal with parameter identifiability. First, based on twelve tailored high-resolution experiments, the accurate measurement of input variables was used to study the parameters of the Hairsine-Rose sediment transport model through a global sensitivity analysis. Using Standardized Regression Coefficients (SRC) and Extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test (EFAST) methods, the analysis showed that both the total washed-off mass and the TSS peaks concentration are highly sensitive to the critical mass, which considers the reduction in the detachment of particles when the sediment available decreases and is scattered over the surface. In addition, the rain- and flow-driven detachment parameters were presented as key for smaller and larger sediment particles, respectively. Then, those uncertainties that are associated in field studies with the determination of the model input variables were also considered by conducting a local sensitivity analysis. The initial load of sediment and the mean grain size were seen to be the most important variables, thus underlining the need for very accurate measurements here. Moreover, a precise definition of Harsine-Rose parameters is also necessary to achieve reliable results in order to work on treatment and management techniques to minimize the impact of urban surface contaminants on urban environments.The first author was in receipt of a predoctoral grant [FPU14/01778] and an internship fellowship to visit the EAWAG [EST17/00715] from the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Spain). The authors would also like to acknowledge fruitful discussions with Andreas Scheidegger and Juan Pablo Carbajal

Assessing different imaging velocimetry techniques to measure shallow runoff velocities during rain events using an urban drainage physical model

Although surface velocities are key in the calibration of physically based urban drainage models, the shallow water depths developed during non-extreme precipitation and the potential risks during flood events limit the availability of this type of data in urban catchments. In this context, imaging velocimetry techniques are being investigated as suitable non-intrusive methods to estimate runoff velocities, when the possible influence of rain has yet to be analyzed. This study carried out a comparative assessment of different seeded and unseeded imaging velocimetry techniques based on large-scale particle image velocimetry (LSPIV) and bubble image velocimetry (BIV) through six realistic but laboratory-controlled experiments, in which the runoff generated by three different rain intensities was recorded. First, the use of naturally generated bubbles and water shadows and glares as tracers allows unseeded techniques to measure extremely shallow flows. However, these techniques are more affected by raindrop impacts, which even lead to erroneous velocities in the case of high rain intensities. At the same time, better results were obtained for high intensities and in complex flows with techniques that use artificial particles. Finally, the study highlights the potential of these imaging techniques for measuring surface velocities in real field applications as well as the importance of considering rain properties to interpret and assess the results obtained. The robustness of the techniques for real-life applications yet remains to be proven by means of further studies in non-controlled environments.The project receives funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under POREDRAIN project RTI2018-094217-B-C33 (MINECO/FEDER-EU)

Using a 2D shallow water model to assess Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LSPIV) and Structure from Motion (SfM) techniques in a street-scale urban drainage physical model

Versión aceptada de https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.05.003[Abstract:] Physically-based numerical modelling of surface processes in urban drainage, such as pollutant wash-off or the assessment of flood risks, requires appropriate calibration and terrain elevation data to properly simulate the overland flows and thus to achieve useful results. Accordingly, this study aims to obtain an accurate representation of the runoff generated by three different rain intensities, 30, 50 and 80 mm/h, in a full-scale urban drainage physical model of 36 m2. The study focuses firstly on applying the Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetric technique to carry out a high-resolution and accurate topographic survey. This topography was implemented in a 2D shallow water model and the results were compared with those obtained using traditional data point measured topography. Negligible differences were found when comparing the two models with measured discharges at the physical model gully pots. However, significant differences were obtained in the velocity distributions, especially in the shallowest flow areas where drainage channels of a few millimeters’ depth appeared in the high resolution topographic survey. Results from the numerical model were compared with overland flow velocities, determined by applying a modified Large Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LSPIV) methodology using fluorescent particles. With the SfM topography, the 2D model was able to obtain a better representation of the experimental data, since small scale irregularities of the pavement surface could be represented in the model domain. At the same time, LSPIV was presented as a very suitable tool for the accurate measurement of runoff velocities in urban drainage models, avoiding the interference of raindrop features in the recorded images and with overland water depths in the order of few millimeters.This work was partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities [grants number RTI2018-094217-B-C33, UNLC15-DE-2862 and CGL2015-69094-R MINECO/FEDER, UE]. The first author was in receipt of a Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities predoctoral grant [FPU14/01778]. The authors would also like to acknowledge the support of Esteban Sañudo in the development of experiments, and the fruitful discussions with Luis Cea, Beatriz Náscher and Paco Vallés

TRPV4 Stimulation Induced Melatonin Secretion by Increasing Arylalkymine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) Protein Level

Melatonin is a molecule which has gained a great deal of interest in many areas of science; its synthesis was classically known to be in the pineal gland. However, many organs synthesize melatonin, such as several ocular structures. Melatonin is known to participate in many functions apart from its main action regulating the circadian rhythm. It is synthesized from serotonin in two steps, with a rate-limiting step carried out by arylalkymine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT). In this report, the role of TRPV4 channel present in human ciliary body epithelial cells in AANAT production was studied. Several experiments were undertaken to verify the adequate time to reach the maximal effect by using the TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A, together with a dose–response study. An increase of 2.4 folds in AANAT was seen after 18 h of incubation with 10 nM of GSK1016790A (p < 0.001, n = 6). This increment was verified by antagonist assays. In summary, AANAT levels and therefore melatonin synthesis change after TRPV4 channel stimulation. Using this cell model together with human ciliary body tissue it is possible to suggest that AANAT plays an important role in pathologies related to intraocular pressure

Effect of nutritional supplement based on melatonin on the intraocular pressure in normotensive subjects

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of a new nutritional supplement based on melatonin on the intraocular pressure (IOP) in normotensive subjects. Patients and methods: A short-term prospective study was designed. Sixty-seven normotensive subjects were recruited. Patients were divided into two groups. The daily group (DG) (n = 18) was instructed to take the supplement between 22:00 and 23:00 (before sleeping) for 3 consecutive days. IOP was measured from 10.00 to 11.00 am the day before treatment and during the 3 days of experiment. The acute group (AG) (n = 49) was instructed to take the supplement after the second measure (11.00) of the second day. IOP was measured 1 h and just before the intake of the supplement and 1 and 2 h after. All measurements in this group were taken 1 day before without any supplement (control) and the day of experiment. Results: The DG group showed a significant decrease in IOP after supplement intake in all days of experiment, from 14.9 ± 3.4 mm Hg to 13.8 ± 2.9 mm Hg after 3 days of experiment (p value < 0.001). For AG, IOP did not change during the control day; however, a reduction of 1 mm Hg was found 2 and 3 h after supplement intake, from 15.7 ± 2.5 mm Hg to 14.7 ± 2.5 mm Hg and 15.1 ± 2.7 mm Hg, respectively, being statistically significant (p value < 0.001). Conclusion: The supplement based on melatonin was able to reduce the IOP in normotensive subjects after 2 h of intake. Moreover, the daily intake showed a reduction in IOP during the 3 days of experiment